Leadership Model of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in Medina

The Prophet Muhammad SAW was an ideal role model in all aspects of life. Among those that are very important to emulate seriously is leadership, both in cultural and political contexts. The Prophet Muhammad SAW was not only a religious leader, as most people mistakenly understand, but he was actually also a political leader. He had received this mandate for political leadership since he first emigrated to Yathrib.

The political leadership of the Prophet Muhammad SAW succeeded in making Yathrib, which was later renamed Medina, into a country that was far beyond its time. This is even recognized by Western researchers, including Robert N. Bellah.

On this occasion, we will talk about the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad SAW with Dr. Mohammad Nasih, M.Si., an expert in Islamic political thought who teaches at FISIP UMJ and is also the caretaker of two Islamic boarding schools; House of Cadres and Tahfidh al-Qur'an Monasmuda Institute Semarang and Islamic Boarding School Nurul Furqon (Planet NUFO) Rembang.

What model of approach did Rasulullah SAW use when starting to lead Medina?

The Prophet Muhammad Rasulullah initially preached in Mecca in a cultural way. He only invited everyone to follow the revelation he received from Allah SWT. During 13 years of preaching in this way, it could be said that the results were very minimal. Not only did they face a lot of rejection, but more than that they received ridicule, pressure, and even death threats. Simultaneously with the very critical situation and conditions, an offer came from two large tribes in Yathrib, namely: Aus and Khazraj, for the Prophet Muhammad to emigrate and lead them. So, in this context, it could be said that the Prophet Muhammad SAW was a naturalized leader. The reason is that Aus and Khazraj both do not want to accept leaders from other parties. Aus did not want someone from Khazraj to lead, and vice versa. At the same time,

What is meant by this instruction from the Jews?

So in Yathrib there are quite a lot of Jews. They are actually immigrants from Syria. They moved to Yathrib because they received information that the last Messenger would come to a place between two valleys where many dates grew. They consider that the place that meets these criteria is Medina. So they waited for the last Messenger whom they would make as leader in Yathrib. Jews have books. Meanwhile, the native people of Yathrib were pagans. So if a problem arises, they usually ask the Jewish leaders for advice so that it is decided using the Jewish book. With this decision, they gain stability. Because, it is not based on the subjectivity of individual people. Well, it was also from the Jews that they knew that the last Apostle would be born. Every time they clashed with the Jews, and the Jews were pressed, the Jews would threaten them. Among his threatening sentences: 'Beware, if the last Messenger comes and leads us, we will destroy you as the people of Ad and Iram perished.'. They said so while pointing to the South. Therefore, when the elites of Aus and Kahzraj heard that someone was claiming to be a Prophet and messenger of Allah, they "turned around the corner" to come to him, pledging allegiance to him in Aqabah twice. Among the contents of the agreement is to obey it. Therefore, when the elites of Aus and Kahzraj heard that someone was claiming to be a Prophet and messenger of Allah, they "turned around the corner" to come to him, pledging allegiance to him in Aqabah twice. Among the contents of the agreement is to obey it. Therefore, when the elites of Aus and Kahzraj heard that someone was claiming to be a Prophet and messenger of Allah, they "turned around the corner" to come to him, pledging allegiance to him in Aqabah twice. Among the contents of the agreement is to obey it.   

What if " obedient " here is understood to be obedient only in a religious context?

Yes, it could have been like that at first. However, in his later journey, in the practice of life in Medina, the Prophet Muhammad was not only considered a religious leader, but played the role of a political leader. For me, the change of name from Yathrib to Medina is one thing that confirms that the Prophet was not just a religious leader, but also a state leader. Because, linguistically, Medina means city. Same as polis in Greek. Polis is a city-state or city state. Medina, that's how it is. Because he had only been in Medina for about a year, the Prophet had already led the army, resulting in the Badr war, then the Uhud war, and so on. Meanwhile, the armed forces are one of the important characteristics of a country. So all the prerequisites needed by a country existed in Medina under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad.

How did Rasulullah SAW lead Medina as a government area , seen from the way decisions were made, policies, created community empowerment programs, economic development, and so on?

The Prophet Muhammad SAW was appointed as leader initially because he was believed by the Aus and Khazraj to be the messenger of Allah who had the book. Because the emptiness in their community is a decree from Allah, making them potential to experience disputes if problems arise. With the existence of decrees that come from Allah, they don't need to bother and fight anymore. Just run it. Even though some people of the book, in this context Jews and Christians, reject the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, politically they cannot reject the Prophet's leadership. Because, the Prophet Muhammad had taken allegiance to the largest indigenous group in Medina. This was an opportunity that the Prophet Muhammad used as well as possible to build strength by making an agreement which later became famous asal-Mîtsâq al-Madînah , or the Medina Agreement.

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